Deciphering the concepts behind “Epileptic encephalopathy” and “Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy”

Abstract

The recent introduction of the term ‘developmental and epileptic encephalopathy’ by the International League Against Epilepsy has added another conceptual layer to understanding the most severe group of epilepsies. An epileptic encephalopathy is defined by the presence of frequent epileptiform activity that impacts adversely on development, typically causing slowing or regression of developmental skills, and usually associated with frequent seizures. Many of the epileptic encephalopathies are now known to have an identifiable molecular genetic basis. The term ‘developmental’ was introduced as there are multiple facets leading to developmental impairment in affected individuals. The underlyin..